什么是猴痘?
猴痘是一种罕见的感染，由一种在中非和西非森林地区的一些动物中传播的病毒引起, but cases recently have been reported in people in multiple countries.
How Does Monkeypox Spread?
The monkeypox virus is closely related to the smallpox virus, which was declared eliminated from the world in 1980. 猴痘可通过与感染猴痘病毒的动物或人密切接触而传播. 人与人之间的传播通常涉及与患有猴痘疹的人进行皮肤接触, 溃疡, 或痂. Monkeypox can also be spread through respiratory droplets or oral fluids during intimate sexual contact (kissing; oral, 分析的, 或阴道性交). 联系 with fabrics, 对象, or surfaces contaminated with the monkeypox virus (such as clothing, 床上用品, or towels) can also spread infection.
Signs and Symptoms of Monkeypox
Common symptoms of monkeypox are fever, 头疼, swollen lymph nodes (in the neck, 腋窝, 或腹股沟), back and muscle aches, 还有疲劳, although not all patients with monkeypox experience these flu- like symptoms. 通常, within 1 to 3 daysafter fever occurs, patients develop arash that often appears on the face first, then spreads to other parts of the body and may involve the mouth, 阴道, 和肛门. The rash starts as flat red spots, 变得牢固, 充满液体的, raised bumps and then turn into scabs that heal over several weeks.
What Is Known About Monkeypox Outbreaks?
Human monkeypox infections are rare. 2022年5月之前, 生活在非洲以外国家的人发生猴痘感染与前往猴痘流行地区(流行地区)或接触受感染动物有关. 然而, between May 13 and May 26, 2022, 世界卫生组织报告说，在23个没有猴痘流行的国家发生了257例经实验室确诊的猴痘病例和大约120例疑似病例. 这些猴痘感染最常发生在自认为是男男性行为者的人群中. 截至2022年6月7日，美国已有35例确诊的人类猴痘感染病例.
When to Seek Medical Care
美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)建议，出现猴痘症状的个体应寻求医疗护理. This includes anyone 谁 (1) traveled to Central or West African countries or other countries with con- firmed cases of monkeypox during the month prior to onset of their symptoms; (2) has had contact with a person with confirmed or suspected monkeypox; or (3) is a man 谁 regularly has close or in- timate contact with other men.
How Is Monkeypox Infection Treated?
There are currently no specific treatments for monkeypox infec- tions. 被诊断为猴痘感染的个体应在家中等待，并避免亲密接触，直到所有皮肤损伤愈合为止. In consultation with the CDC, patients with severe mon- keypox infection or those 谁 are immunosuppressed, 怀孕了, 母乳喂养, 或小于8岁的患者可能需要抗病毒药物或抗体治疗(静脉注射牛痘免疫球蛋白)。.
Prevention of Monkeypox Infection
猴痘感染可以通过避免接触感染猴痘的动物或人或动物或人使用的材料来预防. There is avaccine that provides some pro- tection against monkeypox; however, it is not currently available for general use.
Frequently Asked Questions
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作者: Kristin Walter, MD, MS; Preeti N. 马拉尼，医学博士，MSJ
网上发表: 2022年6月9日. doi: 10.1001 /贾马.2022.10259
Author Affiliations: 资深编辑, 《最靠谱的网赌软件》 (Walter); Associate Editor, 《最靠谱的网赌软件》 (Malani); Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan 健康 System, Ann Arbor (Malani).
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: 没有报道.
来源: 哈里斯E. What to know about monkeypox. 《最靠谱的网赌软件》. Published online May 27, 2022. doi: 10.1001 /贾马.2022.9499
World 健康 组织. http://www.谁.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/ 项目/ 2022 - don388
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